Scientific Lab Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scientific Lab - Research Paper Example nown B: It was likely to be Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria which is a typical nonspore-forming rods, facultative anaerobic, motile and negative, They ferment glucose and utilize citrate as carbon source and are lactose and sucrose non fermenters. These tests have been fully explored in the next section. With regards to the aim of the experiment, which is to identify unknown bacteria from mixed culture #18 using biochemical and morphological test, the two organisms identified had distinct characteristics which were looked for following laboratory tests. Normally, Gram staining is employed to differentiate 2 bacteria groups with different cell wall constituent. The method has the ability to differentiate Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria group; thus the bacterial cells are either colored red or violet. Gram positive bacteria is shown by Violet staining due to a thick layer of peptidoglycan existing in the cell wall of the bacteria, thus the crystal violet is retained by these cells on a slide. Consequently, Gram negative bacteria is shown by red staining due to a thin layer of peptidoglycan existing in the bacteria cell wall, hence crystal violet is not retained by bacterial cells. (Winn et al,2006) MacConkey Agar is used to distinguish Gram- negative, lactose-fermenting organisms from organisms that are non-fermentative .It is an inhibitory and differential medium that contains Crystal violets, bile salts, inhibitory agent and neutral red. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator. Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria is known to be lactose fermenters hence unknown A while Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria is not lactose fermentor thus unknown B. The orinithine decarboxylase test is important for Enterobacteriaceae differentiation. (MacFaddin, 2000).   MR-VP broth for Methyl Red test consists of peptone, phosphate buffer and glucose. The unknown bacterium that is able to perform mixed-acid fermentation generates enough acid that overcame the broth buffering

Gun- Carry Permits in New York City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gun- Carry Permits in New York City - Essay Example However, the real problem lies deeper than this. The dilemma is not merely limited to the possession of guns but extends to the social and economic sphere. Thus, a policy needs to be created not further restricting guns but on creating awareness and promoting responsibility when handling guns. The possession and transportation of arms in violation of the laws may result in a charge of Misdemeanor or felony filed against the person. The mandatory jail time for possession of a firearm is approximately a year or above. Despite these strict policies, the alarming increase in crime rate and in the number of school shootings remains the most disturbing factor. Beginning from the incident of Whitman in the tower of the University of Texas to S. H. Cho's firing in Virginia Tech; all such incidents point at the same thing. This is the easy access of guns and the confused psychological mindset. These gory events in the history of America are serious issues and must be treated as such. After Vi rginia Tech shootings, the people were able to ban the purchase of guns on the basis that Cho had acquired it. However, there are other opportunities that people can avail in order to possess a gun legally. This includes purchasing them at gun fairs without having to get their history checked. This makes for a serious drawback in the policies through which anyone can go and purchase a gun. A shocking fact observed here suggests that the severity of laws and policies does not seem to be playing a role in hampering crimes. Implementation of the written policies and action upon them is requisite to decline such acts. Prevalence of law and order along with practical implementation of the written word alone can put an end to such issues (School Shootings and Violence 2012). The tug of war between crime and the defense seems not only to be triggered by the wave of terrorism but it is constantly fanned by the raising racist sentiments which are a direct product of terrorism. Since 9/11 a g reat number of terrorist activities have been viewed in the US. At some places Muslims were killed by white racists and at some whites were killed by Muslim Racists thus continuing the blame game. Moreover the collapsing economy, relapse of the governmental infrastructure and the unrest created as a bi-product constantly boosts up the crime rate. Slums are increasing day by day; unemployment and an empty stomach are capable of a lot more than the guns can do. Some places of the posh NYC have become red zones due to the increasing accumulation of unemployed people turned into criminals. Some analysts have argued that it is not the total number of guns in circulation that increases gun violence, but the carrying of guns in high-risk places at a high risk time. Thus, equal economic opportunities must be ensured in order to cultivate a peaceful environment. Moreover, equality with respect to ethnicity and race will also encourage harmony (Sherman, Shaw, Rogan & National Institute of Jus tice 1995). It seems to be a natural phenomenon to release frustration whenever and wherever an outlet is found. In this relation numerous incidents have been reported. On March 8 2012 it was reported in the New York Times that â€Å"no one has been able to explain why a Spanish teacher who had been fired from the Episcopal School of Jacksonville fatally shot the head of the school and himself with an assault rifle.†